Drama and other performing arts, in addition to performing various other factors that collectively shape. Including makeup, costumes, props, scenery and lighting. Performed by general practice, the stage sound is also included in stage art department.
History in the performance history of the various components of the stage art development is uneven. The earliest is the most direct relationship with performance makeup, costumes and props. The source of drama in the West ─ ─ Greek drama, costume, mask has an essential role. Then a play actor only two, three, through constant change clothing and masks to play a variety of theatrical characters. So Aristotle pointed out in his discussion of Greek drama, the image of the mask maker dress up clothes and more rely on the art and to art of this dress as a Greek tragedy, one of the necessary six artistic component. The fulcrum of the first big show as props, is probably the altar of the Greek theater. Oriental Chinese opera theater if, for example, the plastic arts is the first focused on the characters dress on. However, the main use of coated Chinese opera costume, masks and more at the installation time by ghost of God; clothing pattern painting first, then switch to embroidery, with distinctive decorative style became the special arts and crafts. Set is the later invention. It has a theater background from the evolution of the background to the story. Theater background is in the audience on three sides by the crowd surrounded by onlookers to occur when. The earliest Greek theater theater background is the changing shed. Actors dress up and rest in the shed, the shed is facing the audience, became the show's background. The first is the role of masking. Later, people also found that crude will still cover the audience distracted, is not conducive to appreciate, so a temporary dressing shed not only into a fixed architecture, but also to be decorated. Ancient Chinese opera performances, mostly starting with a veil to cover, decorative effect. Hongdong County, Shanxi Province, Yuan Dynasty Ming Ying Temple Mural (1324) in the painted veil, that such masking, decorative backgrounds, one of the early forms. Japanese Noh play, the pine siding with painted backgrounds for performances. The further evolution of theater background, decorated by a simple location into a description of the plot. Modeling tools used to describe attempts to plot locations while also a long time, but until the medieval religious drama, there is still a big props similar to the local device, they can be used alone, but also can work together and use. Background on the story using the site for a large area of the picture, is from the Italian Renaissance palace theater in the beginning, then passed the United Kingdom, France and many other Western countries. Around the actors behind these paintings of the set, though, or a tilting moment of viewing, but have not really closely with the plot, the actors of the show is also a lack of direct help. Therefore, the 19th century, it toward the development of realistic and three-dimensional technology. Beginning of the 20th century, people from the narrow concept of the background story wide trend, both the realistic depiction, also hinted that symbol, which brings diverse set of art. Western set in the early 20th century by the Japanese into China. Light is the last to participate in the modeling performance factors. Earlier theatrical lighting are by nature, close to 400 to 500 years into the indoor theater generally performed only after the use of artificial lighting. First, candles and oil lamps, early 19th century began to use gas lamps to light the end of the 19th century. Modern stage lighting has become the theater of mechanical equipment for the unity and explanatory power of the most important and most sensitive one. Chengdu, lighting and sound stage rental.
Function action drama is the art, stage art is always directly or indirectly, combined with action to play a role.
① portray the image of movement. Action image of the actor is the direct embodiment. Stage performance of object movements is very complex, realistic, with a legendary history, or who have imaginary Ghosts, and even the image of animals and plants. As the main body of people, but also because the natural conditions of social life and all the differences with different morphology, clothing and spiritual temperament. Actor's appearance there with various different sizes between the image of the distance, to shorten the distance to help the actors to be transformed into the image of dress, which is disguised, the fundamental task of clothing. The specific technique of expression can be divided into two types of realistic and non realistic. Pay attention to the real dress exactly like the former, emphasizing the accuracy of the details of characterization, this is the rise in the 19th century, mainly used for the illusion of Drama. The latter include the stylized drama of ancient techniques and modern anti-realist drama techniques, they tend to overlook some of the details, but also some other details to be organized, decorative, exaggerated emphasis on spirit likeness, pay attention to visual interest, or to the audience with grotesque impression. Because many non-realistic techniques, can adapt to the dramatic style, drama schools and the broader performance style. The image is not a static stage, all dressed up for the actors to be conducive to the dynamic beauty, dance, drama particular attention to this, such as exposing the entire leg of the ballet skirt, with the sleeves of the opera gowns are all obvious examples .
② Action Organization of space and time. Action is in the specific space and time exist, carried. Specific space, whether part of the temple or other building, or piazza, or modern theater, theatrical, go through different levels of organization, process needs to adapt to dramatic action. Such organizations include the delineation of performance areas, import and export arrangements, to provide some physical action in virtue of the actors and support. Chinese classical opera is the way the organization programmable space. Such as the back screen at both ends of each one, that is, the actors play and end a requirement; field of tables and chairs to locate through various forms of action to help an actor complete. The organization of space is not only flat but also elevation, multi-level. Sichuan Opera "iron cage Mountain" has a scene with a table placed into a high-profile, cast from a high platform with chairs flying and even under the facade of the spatial organization played a role in strengthening the role of emotions and actor skills. 20 years of the 20th century the rise of constructivist stage design, the use of a variety of platforms, steps, slopes and other components to the stage as an actor for "play" and "keyboard." In the generally more realistic performance, the spatial structure is the same for the action of the physical environment combined with a specific description. Modern stage design for the space organization is not limited to actors and stage actors and between actors, but also on the spatial relationship between actors and audience to all kinds of new treatment. Space directly affects the organization of the speed of movement, rhythm, so it is also the organization of the movement time. In this regard, the role will be very light, light does not provide in-kind, but it can cut space, you can highlight or subduction-kind, you can use it to enhance the mobility of the performance rhythm. Chengdu, lighting and sound stage rental.
③ hinted that describe the environmental movement. Action space has the dual nature: both actors the audience in place, it is the dress of the people in the film actor living in action environment. Therefore, stage art space for movement organizations, in addition to the above practical action to help an actor complete performance, there are more or less characters in the play depicts the significance of the living environment. It is this latter sense, determine the physical layout of the stage can not be purely abstract, they are always to some extent with a like nature, descriptive. Basically, classical Chinese opera singing by the actors to describe the environment, but locate the form of tables and chairs, desk chair around Phi's colors and patterns, and candlesticks, large accounts, water flag, Putrajaya and other props, but also plays a hint how the environment role. Constructivist once the practical emphasis to the extreme, too much to exclude the image of a stage device, the acting is not favorable. Therefore, when comparing the post-war Western lines constitute a new doctrine, that "recover" some concrete, and decorative elements to enhance the environment of the story implied power. To describe the environment in a prominent position is the illusion of performance doctrine, they are asked on stage there's any physical image and sound and vision, should be historical, concrete, individualized, closely integrated with the plot. China Youth Art Theatre's "Under the Roof of Shanghai," the stage design is representative of this type. Action environment includes the physical environment (natural, or man is a natural) and social environment. In the play, centering on the hero's social environment is through the people around him what happened with the direct or indirect contact, disputes, conflicts reflected, so had to rely on the social environment itself is mainly to express, stage art alone can not bear this task. Scenery, lighting, mainly from the point of depicting the physical environment to participate in the performance of the social environment; and clothing, make-up as long as people can contribute to the social status of actors, living conditions and the relationship between them manifested a certain extent Description of participation in the social environment. Chengdu, lighting and sound stage rental.
④ expression of emotion and meaning of action. Art on the action stage, the external conditions, the external image of everything, the final movement is able to deliver to the audience the delight inherent, intrinsic meaning as the highest goal. This is the modern stage conscious pursuit of artists. Achieve this goal there are two different basic tendencies: one is the function of expressing emotions, hidden in the truthful representation of objective things into; other is to make all kinds of things on the objective of Deformation to the artist's feelings, understanding strongly manifested. Two parallel development, each has its advantages. In comparison, the latter show a tendency for the active and diverse. Tendencies in performance, but also focus on the lyrics, or focus on the Yu Li. Beijing People's Art Theatre's "Cai Wenji" The scenery, lighting, that is known for rich lyrical atmosphere. Tomb of King Yong its 3 side, the script prompts the designer to layout the tombstone requested, Shiren, Shima, pavilions and other details of all abandoned, and only a few screen curve outlines the tall shadows of the trees, a few light beam the performance of understory light blue moonlight, a few ramp residual stones in front, behind an empty black, this Kongkuo quiet forest atmosphere, with Cai Wenji's "bitter resentment I Come ho in the sky," the inner world is a harmonious combination of together with a strong artistic appeal.
Central Experimental Theatre performance of "Ah Q Story" stage design, not by emotion known for, and win a rational spirit. Designer with 5 white linen hanging in the stage 3 layers of cloth to cover up the natural nature of the absence, but also deliberately added a lot of patches and stitching is not the rip, rag on in this line drawing with the painting method tick Shaoxing Water Town location. Broken location, but poor and backward, devastated the old image of a Chinese metaphor, it is to awaken the audience to the social roots of Ah Q tragedy. Stage artists of these efforts, making them truly become a creation of poetic drama, philosophy of visual representation, as performed ideological partner.
Characteristics of Stage Design in the development process by painting, sculpture, architecture and other plastic arts of the profound influence. Drawing on the perspective of the invention to promote a realistic set of fashion. When the sculptor molding material to be extended to metal, plastic, plexiglass, the stage designer with his own shape is also innovative concepts and tools; the constructivist movement to the stage as a machine, but architectural "Residential living machine, "The Principles of the functional performance of the application in. The achievements of the various plastic arts, as one of the cultural soil, constantly conveying the performance of the stage art methods, materials and technology aspects of the process of fresh nutrients. Can be said that the stage performance art is highly absorbing, the most open of the plastic arts. However, different from the art scene as an independent art of plastic art, it is the creative process, the role of physical expression and the arts have played on some special properties, mainly:
① "Second Creation" of the participants. Drama is performed directly to the audience to complete their creation. The performance in the drama of the creative process as "Second Creation", preceded, as well as "create once," that is providing the script writers. For the audience, "once created" only pre-performance preparation; for artists (directors, actors, musicians, stage artists), this is the "Second Creation" basis. Stage art as a "Second Creation" in an artistic element, determine its creator ─ ─ stage artists must be carried out after he received the script creation, must be attached to the specified subject matter, themes, rather than as an independent creator of the painters, sculptors, as the freedom to choose subject matter, determine the theme of freedom. Stage, all the artists began work on the script's understanding of the script ends with the revelation, never free from the script. However, they are understanding and reveals the dynamic, he can not distort the content on the basis of the script that make them have their own understanding, the characteristics of the imagination can also be added to enrich some of the script enough, you can also play on the same different from the others to make a new cast, from that point, he did not lose judged as an artist living in a creative way to reflect the performance of their own unique life and the freedom of artistic thinking. Stage Artists Only dealing attachment and the dialectical relationship between freedom, their work can become a "second creation" of the valuable art of factors. Chengdu, lighting and sound stage rental.
② factors in the performing arts, interactive access to expression and vitality. A painting or a sculpture, and its expression entirely dependent on its own, nothing to fall back on. The stage performance art as an element, always in order to perform the core elements of the various arts, the duration of the staggered network, its expression is not fully decided on its own, it decided it with the performing arts dynamic relationship. In a painting, if an artist painting a table, then it is always a table, not to change. In the stage, when the table as a neutral device, it could be because the performers have different usage and access to different meanings, it may be a table, it could be bed, balcony or high slope. Performance of the spatial characteristics, either directly by the shape factor in the performance, you can also count on the indirect action and the sound being described. Kun "double down", young monk carrying a small nun □ water across the river, the river sets the stage did not describe, but when the actor barefoot, just a ledge, the band sounded a cry of water gong. At this time, both in the concept of actors or in the eyes of the audience, the bare platen will become a murmuring stream. This shows that the combination of the plastic and performing arts, access to freedom of expression is different from the plastic arts. Therefore, the authenticity and integrity of the stage design is not in accordance with generally measured in terms of scale painting. Stage art in a number of performance share how the play elements, whether the methods used concrete or abstract, neutral approach, which depends mainly on the overall structure of the performance. It is suggested that the integrity of the stage arts, including performing arts must be included. The vitality of the stage art existed in such a living link among the various arts integration factors, to show a distinct style of an organic whole, is the result of the development of modern artistic director.
③ Changes in the flow of time in space art. General painting or sculpture is a space to art, the time factor plays a role only in the appreciation of the process, but it can not change the established image. Stage Design is different. As the show itself, the space dual nature, always with the performing arts, scenery, lighting, costumes, make-up also with the timing. Not only is audience appreciation of the stage art performances throughout the entire process, and, as long as stage artists need to use the time factor, can also form on the scenery or the characters change shape constantly. Drama "Teahouse" in three sets, the performance venue with a plot, but there are significant changes before and after. Designers to cut through the tea room for more smaller, light color tone becoming larger and cold, the walls, "Mo on affairs of state," the paper more stickers greater performance to help reveal the theme: to be buried in the old days. Set lighting variability not only between different screening can also be in continuity with the field changes. Shanghai Youth Repertory Theatre performance of "King of Qin Li Shimin," Layer 3 through the retractable telescopic platform, you can lift a 11 screen section, creating events for the performance space. When Yin Royal Prince Li Jiancheng with conspiracy, the deep dark of the article screen has fallen into a very small room packed, creating an atmosphere of living in the Chamber of Secrets hidden; and when to appear before the emperor Li Yuan Yin Royal when, as the Yin to the Royal deeper into the stage, strip screen one level to rise, and finally reveal Li Yuan sat watching the dance scene Throne. Broad and deep space, decorated with silver flash of the screen section, gorgeous costumes and props, has witnessed a strict and luxury. This is just a dozen seconds of continuous motion changes that have occurred. This organization in time of the picture brought a sense of rhythm and beauty, is no easel painting, only stage art can do.
④ artistic imagination and craft, science and technology combination. Implementation stage is not art on paper, canvas or model, but on the stage in three-dimensional space, in the performance process, which determines the diversity of its media tools and process specificity. For stage artists, as long as help to realize their artistic ideas, all materials are available, and always try to use cheap materials, lightweight materials to achieve the best viewing. The crown jewel of the beans can be used instead of nail polish painted, crystal chandeliers and gentlemen can cut and paste paper with holes made of transparent plastic. No stage production and operations departments of craftsmen and artists of whimsy is just on paper. For media materials, there are two basic attitudes: First, the nature of cover material, so that bear a close resemblance to the representation of the object; the other is a conscious means of exposure to media, to its original shape, color and texture as the creation of beauty artistic language. The development of modern industry and technology, is to stage more and more artists to provide new material. Drama, "Forget," a scene in the living room, with glass doors made of steel, windows, the use of its transparency and its glow under the bright light, color and add to the contemporary scene. Of course not the only new material with his words, old material can also be used out of new ideas, like the white linen in the "True Story of Ah Q" in use. The progress of the stage art, often benefit from strong support for new achievements in science and technology. No electrical invention there can be no modern theater lighting systems and mechanical systems. At present, the lamp reform, new lighting, electronic control and laser, holograms and so on, will play the stage, we brought new changes. However, the play is not only on the basis of the technology, tools, technology itself can not produce masterpieces, the exquisite art arena had to rely on the main designer of the imagination and talent. Chengdu, lighting and sound stage rental.
